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Arithmetic-Geometric Mean Calculator FullScreen

This arithmetic-geometric mean calculator can be employed to determine iterated means, such as the arithmetic-geometric mean (AGM), the geometric-harmonic mean (GHM), the arithmetic-quadratic mean (AQM), and the arithmetic-harmonic mean (AHM).

Arithmetic-Geometric Mean Calculator

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Arithmetic-Geometric Mean (AGM)

The AGM is an iterative mean that operates by determining a pair of calculations.

To compute the AGM of two given numbers, x and y, you need to start by calculating their arithmetic and geometric means, as follows:

(x + y)/2 and sqrt(xy)

You can then use the outputs to determine the arithmetic and geometric means of the two new numbers. You subsequently repeat the process multiple times with every new pair of numbers that are computed. In due course, the algorithm will stabilize at a fixed number. This number represents the AGM of the two numbers with which you started.

An alternative means of expressing the AGM of x and y is to perform two dependent recursive equations:

An+1 = (An + Bn)/2

Bn+1 = sqrt(AnBn),

where A0 = x, B0 = y, and sqrt = square root.

As n is infinite, the values of An and Bn will converge at a single number. This number represents the AGM of x and y. Providing x and y are not equal, the AGM is always lower than the arithmetic mean and higher than the geometric mean.

Geometric-Harmonic Mean (GHM)

The Geometric-Harmonic Mean (GHM) represents a further example of an iterative average.

If C0 = x and D0 = y, and

Cn+1 = 2CnDn/(Cn + Dn)

Dn+1 = sqrt(CnDn),

the consistent value of the sequence is the GHM of x and y. There are some interesting correlations between AGM(x,y) and GHM(x,y):

AGM(x,y)GHM(x,y) = xy

GHM(x,y) = xy/AGM(x,y) = 1/AGM(x-1, y-1)

Arithmetic-Harmonic Mean (AHM)

Iterating the harmonic and arithmetic means results in the geometric mean.

Contraharmonic-Harmonic Mean

Iterating the contraharmonic and harmonic means results in the arithmetic mean.

Contraharmonic Mean

The contraharmonic mean of x and y is as follows:

(x2 + y2)/(x + y)

For n values, you can compute the contraharmonic mean as follows:

(x12 + x22 + ... + xn2)/(x1 + x2 + ... + xn)

Arithmetic Mean

The average of two or more numbers is referred to as the mean. The arithmetic mean represents the most commonly employed mean. Calculating the arithmetic mean involves adding up all the values and dividing them by the number of values.

For n values, the arithmetic mean is (x1 + x2 + ... + xn)/n

For instance, the arithmetic mean of 3, 4, and 5 is (3 + 4 + 5)/3 = 4.

Geometric Mean

The geometric mean of two numbers x and y is represented as follows:

sqrt(xy)

The geometric mean of three numbers, x, y, and z, is the cube root of xyz, or (xyz)1/3.

The geometric mean of n numbers is as follows:

(x1 ยท x2 ยท ... ยท xn)1/n

Harmonic Mean

The harmonic mean is commonly employed to average ratios in science and business applications. Given two numbers, x and y, the harmonic mean is 2xy/(x + y).

Given three numbers, x, y, and z, the harmonic mean is 3xyz/(xy + xz + yz).

The harmonic mean of n numbers is as follows:

n/(1/x1 + 1/x2 + ... + 1/xn)

Root Mean Square (Quadratic Mean)

The root mean square, which is also commonly referred to as the quadratic mean, is frequently employed in statistical and engineering applications, especially when negative data points are under consideration. One example of the root mean square is the standard deviation of a set of numbers (I.e., it is the root mean square of the variations between the arithmetic mean and each data point).

When given two numbers, x and y, the quadratic mean is sqrt[(x2 + y2)/2].

For n variables, it is as follows:

sqrt[(x12 + x22 + ... + xn2)/n]

What is Arithmetic-Geometric Mean

The arithmetic-geometric mean (AGM) is a method to calculate the mean of two numbers using a combination of arithmetic and geometric operations. It is commonly used to compute the square root of a number or to find the value of constants such as ฯ€.

Here's how the AGM algorithm works:

  1. Start with two positive numbers, let's say a and b, for which you want to find the mean.
  2. Calculate the arithmetic mean (AM) by adding a and b and dividing the sum by 2: AM = (a + b) / 2.
  3. Calculate the geometric mean (GM) by taking the square root of the product of a and b: GM = โˆš(a * b).
  4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 iteratively, using the previous AM and GM as the new a and b values.
  5. Continue iterating until the AM and GM values converge, i.e., until they are very close to each other.
  6. The final converged value is the arithmetic-geometric mean (AGM) of the original two numbers.

The AGM algorithm provides an efficient and accurate way to compute the mean of two numbers. It has applications in various mathematical computations and algorithms.

Arithmetic-Geometric Mean Example

Sure! Here's an example that demonstrates the calculation of the arithmetic-geometric mean (AGM) using a table:

Let's start with two numbers, a = 4 and b = 9.

Iteration Arithmetic Mean (AM) Geometric Mean (GM)
1 6.5 6
2 6.25 6.020797289
3 6.235398464 6.020803277
4 6.232100871 6.020803277
5 6.231951074 6.020803277
6 6.231950999 6.020803277

In each iteration, we calculate the arithmetic mean (AM) and the geometric mean (GM) based on the previous values. The process continues until the AM and GM values converge and no significant change occurs.

In this example, after six iterations, the AM and GM values converge to approximately 6.231950999 and 6.020803277, respectively. Thus, the arithmetic-geometric mean (AGM) of 4 and 9 is approximately 6.231950999.

Please note that the number of iterations required for convergence may vary depending on the initial numbers and the desired level of accuracy.